Definition
Callisthenics refers to a form of exercise consisting of a variety of gross motor movements—running, standing, grasping, pushing, etc.—often performed rhythmically and with minimal equipment, so essentially, bodyweight exercises. It’s designed to improve strength, fitness, and flexibility through movements like pulling or pushing oneself up, bending, jumping, or swinging, using one’s body weight for resistance.
Etymology and Origin
The term callisthenics comes from the Greek words kallos, meaning “beauty”, and sthenos, meaning “strength”. The concept is rooted in the idea of achieving physical beauty through the strength and flexibility of the body, reflecting the ancient Greek ideal of physical perfection and harmony between the body and mind. The practice of callisthenics as a form of physical training has its origins in ancient Greece, where it was part of the education system to enhance physical fitness and beauty, as well as prepare young men for warfare.
