Definition:
Empirical refers to knowledge or methods based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic. In the context of scientific research, empirical evidence is obtained through direct and indirect observation or experimentation. Empirical research relies on the collection of data to test hypotheses and develop theories about how the world works. This approach is fundamental across all scientific disciplines, ensuring that conclusions are grounded in real-world evidence.
Etymology & Origin:
The word “empirical” comes from the Greek word “empeiria,” meaning “experience.” It entered English through the Latin “empiricus,” which pertains to a physician or philosopher who relies on practical experience. Over centuries, the term has evolved to signify any knowledge acquired by means of observation or experimentation.
Examples:
- In medicine, empirical evidence is crucial for determining the effectiveness of new treatments or drugs through clinical trials.
- In physics, experiments provide empirical data about the properties of materials, forces, and the nature of the universe.
- In psychology, empirical studies involve observing human behaviour and collecting data to understand mental and emotional processes.
