Definition of Topos: In classical rhetoric and literature, “topos” (plural: “topoi”) refers to a common or conventional theme, motif, or formula used in narrative and rhetorical composition. It is a literary and rhetorical concept denoting a typical or recurring theme or situation. In a broader sense, “topos” can also simply mean a place or location.
Etymology and Origin: The word “topos” is directly derived from the Greek word “τόπος” which literally means “place” or “location.”
- Greek Roots: In ancient Greek literature and philosophy, “τόπος” was used in both its literal sense, referring to a physical place, and in a more abstract sense, referring to a place within an argument or a common rhetorical or literary theme.
- Usage in Rhetoric and Literature: The concept of “topos” as a rhetorical tool was extensively developed by Aristotle and later rhetoricians. It referred to a standard or typical argument, theme, or formula that could be used in persuasive speech and writing.
- Adoption in English: The term was adopted into English maintaining its Greek meaning. In literary and rhetorical studies, “topos” is used in the context of themes and motifs that recur across various works or genres.
Thus, “topos” has retained its Greek origin in both its literal and metaphorical uses, describing physical locations as well as conventional themes in literature and rhetoric.
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